创新要素流动及影响因素研究述评

从资源比较优势竞争转向创新要素优势竞争是区域竞争的新态势,以创新人才、创新技术和研发资金为主要内容的创新要素自由流动,给区域经济发展带来新的契机与挑战。随着对创新规律认识的深化,创新要素的内涵不断完善丰富。目前对创新要素的定义,有从要素论和系统论角度进行划分。要素论一般把创新要素分为人才要素、资金要素、平台要素、技术要素、社会资本要素、制度及政策要素;系统论认为创新要素主要由产出科技成果的创新活动投入的资源即直接要素,包括技术、资金、人才,以及提供支撑条件,间接推动创新活动的外部环境即间接要素,包括基础设施、社会环境、宏观政策等。本文分析了创新要素与传统生产要素的区别及特征,分析了创新要素流动的机制并对目前主流的引力模型和推拉模型进行了归纳,对影响创新要素流动的影响因素进行了分析,从国内和国际视角对创新因素流动规律进行了总结。未来需要在创新要素流动形成的流数据空间效应、技术转移测度及效应、创新要素配置效率3个方面开展深入研究。     

新型Ka频段宽角扫描圆极化相控阵天线

提出了一种新型的Ka频段圆极化相控阵天线。天线单元以单馈电开槽贴片天线为基础实现圆极化，通过微带贴片表面加载介质和辅助辐射器，展宽了天线波束宽度并优化了单元轴比。以该天线为阵列单元，采用顺序旋转布阵技术优化得到的2×2子阵，其辐射方向图具有良好的旋转对称性，由该子阵扩展形成的相控阵天线，有效地实现了圆极化宽角扫描特性。以8×8矩形阵列为例，仿真分析了此类二维相控阵天线波束扫描过程中的方向图和极化特性。研究结果表明，天线在工作频段内可实现方位360°、俯仰±60°扫描，扫描范围内天线增益波动和轴比均小于3 dB，同时该天线具有低剖面（高度尺寸为0.08λ0，λ0为空气介质波长）、结构简单、易于加工和集成等特点，非常适合小型化或一体化相控阵天线系统应用。     

一种基于Radon变换的微表情识别算法

微表情是人们处在一些与平时生活环境不同的高强度环境下试图控制和掩饰的情感表现，也是一种不曾意识到的瞬时脸部表情,持续时间短，强度弱。为了提高其准确率，提出了基于Radon变换的微表情识别算法。首先，对数据库中的视频序列进行灰度归一化、尺寸归一化和二维主成分分析法（Two-dimensional Principal Component Analysis，2DPCA）降维预处理，使用光流法对降维后图像提取运动特征；然后使用Radon变换算法对光流图像进行处理，得到对应微表情的特征值和特征图像；最后使用支持向量机进行微表情分类识别。实验结果表明，使用Radon变换后得到的微表情特征图像得到了较好的识别效果，在微表情数据集CASME和CASMEⅡ上识别率分别为81.48%和82.17%，通过与选取的其他方法对比说明了该方法具有更好的识别性能。     

计及外部性的储能系统价值测算及经济性评估

以应用在电力系统中的电储能系统为研究对象,以外部性理论为基础,构建了计及外部性的储能系统经济性测算模型,并以储能系统接入光伏电站为例,采用贴现现金流分析方法,预估储能投资成本和收益,分别从投资者角度和社会整体效益角度,来研究储能系统应用在可再生能源发电侧的经济性,并进行了盈亏平衡分析。通过盈亏平衡曲线分析了储能盈亏平衡情景,经济性分析结果显示储能系统的外部性收益占年收益比例较大。     

LADM-based profile for farmland Tripartite Entitlement System in China

Since the beginning of the 21st century, China has undergone a promotion of industrialisation, urbanisation and agricultural modernisation. This promotion has triggered the mass migration of rural labour forces into cities, leading to the virtual situation of the separation of farmland contract and operation rights. To respond to this issue, the central government proposed a strategy of farmland reform in China. Such reform aims to transform the former ‘Bipartite Entitlement System’ into a ‘Tripartite Entitlement System (TES)’.¹ Land registration provides the means for recognising formalised property rights and regulating the characteristics and transfer of land-related rights. As for farmland registration in China, it serves as a basis to explore effective forms of collective farmland ownership by implementing collective farmland ownership, stabilising farmers’ contract rights and liberalising farmland operation rights. Thus, in this study, on the basis of the farmland tripartite entitlement (hereinafter referred to as ‘FTE’) reform in China, we develop a Land Administration Domain Model (LADM)-based TES model that will serve as the basis of subsequent system development. Specifically, first, we summarise the evolution process of China’s farmland rights system since the foundation of new China. Second, we propose a farmland rights system after the FTE reform. Then, the corresponding TES model is developed based on the LADM standard and some instance-level diagrams for farmland administration activities. The new functionality of the model includes improved structuring of farmland rights and restrictions (and related source documents) and improved expansion of the land information infrastructure to rural areas.     

Adoption of precision farming tools: A context-related analysis

This paper deals with precision farming tools (PFTs), a way of farming which relies on specialized equipment, software and information technologies services, whose importance is underlined in recent documents of the European Union. Precision farming is an integrated and sustainable farm management system making use of modern technologies to increase farm’s profitability, by reducing environmental impact. In this paper we explore the complex mechanisms that affect PFT’s adoption by Italian farmers. More precisely, we try to analyse the context-related factors affecting adoption of PFTs in the Italian farms.Little research has been carried out in Italy on this topic, therefore our paper tries to fill a gap in literature. In order to investigate the process of technology adoption related to precision agriculture, a questionnaire was submitted to a sample of Italian farms. The questionnaire has been structured in order to apply the AKAP (Awareness, Knowledge, Adoption, Product) sequence. Our analysis underlines that context-related factors are fundamental dimensions to be explored in order to specify uptake of PFTs. Therefore, the paper has relevant policy implications, within the context of a new participatory approach to agricultural innovation characterized by bottom-up processes boosted by farmers, which has informed the recent policies of agricultural innovation at the EU level.     

京沪高铁沧州西站客流特征及服务策略研究

京沪高铁的开通,促进了河北省沧州市与北京、天津、上海等国内一线城市的交流,对加快河北省经济发展具有重要意义。基于京沪高铁沧州西站客流调查数据,文章从旅客的基本情况、出行目的、费用来源、月均收入、出行方向等方面分析了沧州西站的客流结构特征,从旅客的出行次数、结伴人数、出行时间、返程时间和车站的位置、服务等方面分析了沧州西站的旅客出行特征。在此基础上,从开行方案、票制、票价、交通换乘、服务方式等方面提出提升沧州西站服务的策略建议。     

金融业综合统计的国际经验与启示--以日本为例

近年来，我国金融业综合统计工作发展较快，但较发达国家仍存在一定差距。日本是开展金融业综合统计较早的国家，数据涵盖范围非常广泛，并形成了一套系统、有效的数据质量提升框架。研究和参考日本相关经验对推进我国的金融业综合统计工作有重要的现实意义。     

城镇化与工业化互动发展的协调性与驱动力研究——来自四川省21个市州的经验证据

城镇化与工业化互动协调发展是城乡经济发展的一个主要问题。在构建新型城镇化和新型工业化评价指标体系的基础上,采用四川省21个市州2007—2012年相关数据,运用“协调度—协调发展度模型”和灰色系统模型 GM（1,N）,对城镇化与工业化互动发展的协调性进行评价,并揭示其内在驱动力,结果表明：四川省城镇化与工业化互动发展的协调度与协调发展度处于不断提高的过程中,21个市州工业化发展对城镇化与工业化互动协调发展均起着促进作用,但经济发展水平极高和极低市州的城镇化发展对城镇化与工业化互动协调发展具有制约作用。因此,应以工业化带动城镇化发展,制定差别化的城镇化与工业化互动发展政策,全面深化制度改革,形成城镇化与工业化互动协调发展的良性机制。